| Abstract [eng] |
In the second half of the 20th c. the attitude towards the phenomenon of metaphor radically changed. For a long time metaphor was seen as an ornamental aspect of language, but since the second half of the twentieth century a lot of contemporary scholars have proposed that metaphor is not only a linguistic tool, but also a fundamental scheme by which people conceptualize the world. In this period a huge variety of theories and approaches has blossomed. It was necessary to have some kind of classification of theories. The paper introduces several classifications. The first distinction is M. Black’s division into ‘substitution views’, ‘interaction views’ and ‘comparison views’. Other ways of classifying theories have been proposed by, among others, M. Leezenberg, A. Haverkamp and M. Taverniers. The two most important poles of M. Leezenberg’s classification are ‘semantic views’ and ‘pragmatic views’ of metaphorical interpretation. The third influential group of theories is a conceptualist approach. A. Haverkamp referred four important trends: critique of rhetoric, analysis of language (semantics), structuralism (semiotics) and hermeneutics. Since the sixties, M. Taverniers recognised two main strands in metaphorology: micro-studies and macro-studies, which can be split up in 3 different trends: cultural, cognitive and aesthetic. The present article focuses on criteria, advantages and limitations of the above-mentioned classifications. |
